DOWN SYNDROME

DOWN SYNDROME

Down syndrome is a extra or partial copy of 21st Chromosome . These chromosome is called TRISOMY. Down syndrome is the life long disability .According to National Down Syndrome Society (NDSS) in 700 children there is one who are born with Down syndrome. Types of down syndrome are Trisomy 21 , Mosacicism , Tranlocation. Sign and Symptoms of Down Syndrome are , they have flat face , open mouth, poor muscle tone, , bulging eyes and tongue, short height , etc .ROLE of SPEECH THERAPIST , Through THERAPY program we work on their Self help skills, Oral motor skills, Sensory skills , Speech and Language and cognitive skills etc.

WHO IS SPEECH THERAPIST

WHO IS SPEECH THERAPIST

If anyone is having difficulty in speaking that means he is suffering from problem of speech then it is treated with a lot of techniques and by whom these problems are treated they are known as speech therapist or speech and language pathologist. Speech therapist has at least 4 years of degree BASLP (Bachelor of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology) then they become an Audiologist and Speech Therapist

What speech therapist can do?

Speech therapist are one who treated with a lots of speech problems. Now here we discussed about some of the problems which is treated by speech therapist they are as follow:

Stammering: Stammering is a kind of speech problem in which person is stuck while speaking, he used to speak one word for many times e.g. Ddddddd……..og.

Misarticulation:  In misarticulation child used to speak /t/ for /k/, /l/ for /r/ etc. Misarticulation is articulation error which is a child substitute one word on the place of other word. e.g. Dod for Dog, Duct for Duck etc. sometimes child omit one syllable in a word e.g. _oil for soil, _ool for wool. Child also add something in articulation e.g. eschool for school, estation for station. These articulation errors also treated through a therapy by speech therapist.

Dyslexia: Problem of reading and writing in which child is not able to read, write or understand properly is called Dyslexia. In dyslexia child used to write a word in wrong way e.g. b (ball) for d (dall). Sometimes they donn’t understand what he has to write. They also have difficulty in making and formation of sentences. This problem is also treated under Speech Therapist.

Voice Quality: There are so many problems of voice that is called voice problem or voice disorders. The heaviness of voice, horshness of voice or if there is any change in pics and quality of voice. The treatment of voice problem is voice therapy which is also done by the speech therapist.

Attention and Concentration: If your child does not pay attention completely on any task, any conversation or do not listen or understand your words carefully, then he may be a lack of attention and concentration. If he/she is having these kinds of problems they all are treated by Speech Therapist.

Memory: If there is any problem in memory or your child find difficulty to remember anything or he is having a low IQ, if your child feel difficulty in problem solving, questioning, reasoning, judging, puzzle solving, then these difficulties are also put under memory problems. It is important to consult to a Speech Therapist due to which it is easier to early identification and intervention. 

VOICE THERAPY

VOICE THERAPY

There are so many problems of voice that is called voice disorders. Some sign of voice disorder are heaviness of voice, hoarseness of voice , change in Pitch and quality of voice. There are many reason of change in voice like too much speaking (overuse or misuse of voice), shouting. some professional who is frequently effected voice they are teacher , singer, news reader, Advocate etc also having a voice problems. The treatment of voice problems or voice therapy through which we improve voice quality.

SPEECH THERAPY

SPEECH THERAPY

Speech therapy in Jalandhar . Today we are discussed about therapy session . The session of Speech Therapy is always one to one . It means therapist have one child at a time i.e child is having individual therapy session . Now move on Regular or Alternate session . So getting regular therapy is necessary to get quick improvement . But if someone is not getting regular therapy due to some other reason then it is necessary or important to take atleast three times in a week . Regularity of therapy is also depends on the severity of the problem.

Oral Motor Exercise

Speech therapist in jalandhar Some Exercise which is Helpful in Speech Therapy . You can do a lot of exercise for improving Speech clarity and quality . Exercise of Articulators (tongue, lips , jaw etc) are helpful to improve speech clarity .Here some exercise for Tongue movement are , Tell your child to PROTRUDE Tongue , deviates to right or left side , Move tongue to right or left (cheeks) , Rotate your tongue within your Lips also . Now move on LIPS exercise for the improvement of lips improvement, you can tell your child to blow balloons, blow candle, blow air bubbles etc. It can help your child to learn how to give pressure and how to hold air in mouth. Third one is you have to take breath or air through nose and slowly exhale through mouth. Repeat this exercise twice a day for 10-15 minutes . All these exercise give strength to your Articulators and improve your Speech clarity and quality. It also give strength to your articulators.

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AUDITORY SYSTEM

AUDITORY SYSTEM

Hearing is one of the major sense which is important for communication. Organ of hearing have three parts which is Outer ear, Middle ear and Inner ear.

Outer ear: Outer ear is divided into two parts first one is Pinna which is protrudes from one side of the skull made of cartilage made of skin. Pinna is also known as Auricle. Pinna is helpful in localising environmental sounds. External Auditory Canal: EAC is also known as ear canal which is about 4 cm long. The outer portion of EAC is lined with hairy skin containing sweat gland and oily sebaceous gland which together form wax.

Middle Ear: The middle ear is an air filled cavity connected to the back of the nose by a thin tube called Eustachian tube. There are three bones in middle ear, Mallecus, Incus and Stapes. Middle ear is starts from TM (Tympanic Membrane) or Ear Drum. Ear drum is smooth, translucent and almost transparent membrane which is about 0.074mm thick. Three tiny bones which is also known as ossicles or the ossicular change which transmitted the sound induced vibration of tympanic membrane to the cochlea via oval window. The ossicles are the smallest bones of the body. The functions of middle ear are conduction of sound from outer ear to inner ear. Middle ear muscle also provide protection from loud sounds. Convert acosustic energy to mechanical. The acosustic energy is in air would be transmitted to the inner ear fluid.

Inner ear have different parts i.e. Cochlea, Semi circular Canal and Vestibule.

SYNDROME THAT AFFECT HEARING

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USHER SYNDROME (VESTIBULOCERBELLAR ATAXIA)

It is a rare genetic condition caused by a mutation in any one of at least 11 genes resulting in a combination of visual impairment and hearing loss. Usher syndrome is characterized by partial or total loss of hearing loss and vision.

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Causes:

·         Autosomal ressive Type 1 – CDH23, MY07A, PCDH15, USH1C, USH1G

Type II – USH2A, GPR98

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Characteristics:

·         Type I – Retinitis Pigmentosa

·         Vestibular dysfunction

·         Profound hearing loss

·         Type II – Retinitis pigmentosa

·         Sloping hearing loss (Variable degree)

·         Type III – Retinitis Pigmentosa

·         Vestibular dysfunction

·         Initially normal hearing or mild loss

·         Then, hearing loss progresses

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Hearing Loss

·         Sensory neural (Congenital in Type I & II)

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SYNDROME THAT AFFECT HEARING

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DOWN SYNDROME

Down syndrome also known as Trisomy 21, Having extra 21 chromosome. It is genetic disorder. It is most commonly recognized disorder found in children.

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Behaviour of Down Syndrome

·         Depression

·         Social withdrawal

·         Diminished interest copying skills

·         Loss of cognitive and social skills

·         Trouble in communication

·         Short attention span

·         Slow learning

·         Delayed speech and language

·         Impulsive

·         Disruptive

·         Obsessive compulsive behaviour

·         Chronic sleep difficulty

·         Dementia

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Characteristics:

·         Decreased Muscle Tone

·         Excess skin in the nope of neck

·         Upward slanting eyes

·         Wide, short hands with short fingers

·         Single crease in the palm of the hand

·         White sports on the coloured. Part of the eyes

·         Small mouth, small ears

·         Separate joints between the bones of the skull

·         Intellectual developmental disorder

·         Open mouth with protruding tongue

·         Outer/middle/inner ear hypoplasis have been reported

·         Frequent upper respiratory infections

·         Recurrent otitis media

·         Hearing loss

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Causes:

·         Improper separation of chromosome pairs. Causing an extra copy of chromosome.

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Hearing Loss

·         Conductive, Mixed hearing loss

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SYNDROME THAT AFFECT HEARING

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KLIPPEL – FEIL SYNDROME

Klippel syndrome is a congenital disorder characterized by abnormal fusion of two or more bones of spinal column (vertebrare) within the neck.

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Causes:

·         Autosomal dominant GDf3, GDF6

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Characteristics:

·         Fused cervical vertebrae

·         Low occipital hairline

·         Short neck

·         Decreased head mobility

·         Ossicle abnormalities

·         Hearing loss

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Hearing Loss

·         Sensory Neural, Conductive Hearing Loss (Congenital)

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SYNDROME THAT AFFECT HEARING

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SYNDROME THAT AFFECT HEARING

ALPERT SYNDROME

Alpert syndrome is a congenital disorder characterized by malformation of the Hands, feets and skull & face. Babies with Alpert syndrome are both with a distorted shape of head and face. Children with Alpert syndrome may here intellectual disability.

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Causes:

·      Alpert syndrome is a genetic condition caused by mutation on a gene. That affect gene is autosomal dominant: FGFR2.

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Characteristics:

·        Craniofacial anomalies affecting the ears, stapes fixation, fused fingers and toes and spina bifida.

·        Associated with conductive hearing loss.

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Hearing Loss:

·        Conductive Hearing Loss (Congenital)

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Hearing aid: WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF HEARING LOSS?

Hearing aid: WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF HEARING LOSS?: WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF HEARING LOSS? ·          Difficulty understanding words, specially in background noise or crowdie area. ·   ...

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF HEARING LOSS?

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF HEARING LOSS?

·         Difficulty understanding words, specially in background noise or crowdie area.

·         Ask people to repeat themselves.

·         Finding it hard to keep with a conversation.

·         Difficulty hearing other and misunderstanding what they say.

·         Ringing in ear (Tinnitus).

·         Listening to music, radio or watching TV with higher volume.

·         Difficulty hearing people on phone.

·         Headache.

·         You think that other people are mumbling or out speaking clearly.

·         Finding speech unclear.

·         Hearing is worse when sound comes from one side.

·         Fail to hear someone talking from behind.

·         Dread going to noisy parties and restaurants?

·         Turn off the volume on the TV or car radio?

·         Have trouble hearing in groups.

Symptoms of Hearing Loss in Children

·         Has difficulty understanding what people are saying.

·         Limited or poor or no speech.

·         Fail to respond his/her name.

·         Speaks differently than other children of his age.

·         Fail to respond conversation or answer appropriately.

·         Difficulty in learning.

·         Show sign of behavioural problems or social difficulties.

·         Do not seek out or detect where sound is coming from.

·         Respond in appropriately to questions.

·         Say what, several time.

·         Has speech or language delay or problem in articulation.

·         Do not follow simple commands or understand simple directions.

·         Do not react to voices.

·         Still babbles what not moving to more understandable speech.

What are the common causes of hearing loss?

·         Excessive exposure of loud noise

·         Stroke

·         Ototoxic drugs like Asprin

·         Heridity

·         Infection of ear canal or middle ear

·         Hypertension

·         Perforation of Scarring of ear drum

·         Smoking

·         Excessive wax is the most common cause of the hearing loss

·         Hole in ear drum or traumatic brain injury to the middle ear also cause hearing loss

·         Ageing (Age related loss is called presvyacusis)

·         Diabetes is known for sensori-neural hearing loss

What are the prevention of hearing loss?

·         Protect your hearing during loud event like gigs or sports event and night clubs.

·         Families with a history of hearing loss should be monitoring their babies hearing.

·         Noise exposure is also an issue for babies and children. Avoid loud noises, noise is probably loud enough to damage your hearing if you can’t hear what people nearby are saying.

·         Health hearing, life style begin even begins before conception and pregnant mother should avoid alcohol and other drugs.

·         Avoid medication that may be harmful to your hearing. Be aware of drugs that causes hearing loss like Asprin etc.

·         Don’t listen music at 60% of the maximum volume. If you are using ear phones, limit them to an hour.

·         Smoking is a risk factor for hearing loss because tobacco, cigarettes contain nicotine that damage the hear cells in the ear.

·         If you are working/exposed to loud noise through your working hours, take a precautions or seek to your department manager to provide hearing precautions such as ear plugs or ear muffs.

·         Children are also exposed to loud noise like noisy toys or a noisy environment.

·         Get a hearing test as soon as possible if you worried you might be losing your hearing.